TOEFL

2. Because they had spent too many time considering the new contract, the student lost the opportunity to lease the apartement.
Revise : Because they had spent many time considering the new contract, the student lost the opportunity to lease the apartement

3. These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time, but perhaps we will return leter.  
Revise: These televisions are all too expensive for us to buy at this time, but perhaps we will return leter.

4. After she had bought himself a new automobile, she sold her bicycle.
 Revise : After she had bought herself a new automobile, she sold her bicycle.

5. The next important question we have to decide is when do we have to submit the proposal.
Revise : The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submit the proposal

6. George has not completed the assignment yet, and Mario hasn’t neither.
 Revise : George has not completed the assignment yet, and Mario hasn’t too.

 7. Jhon decide to buy in the morning a new car, but in the afternoon he changed his mind.
Revise : Jhon decide to buy a new car in the morning, but in the afternoon he changed his mind.

 8. Some of the plants in this store require very little care, but this one needs much more sunlight than the others ones.  
Revise : Some of the plants in this store require very little care, but this one needs
much more sunlight than the others one.

 9. After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book.
Revise : After George returned to his house, he was reading a book.

 10. Many theories on conserving the purity of water has been proposed, but not one has been as widely eccepted as this one.
Revise : Many theories on conserving the purity of water has been proposed, but no one has been as widely eccepted as this one.

11. The food that Mark is cooking in the kitchen is smelling delicious.
Revise : The food that Mark’s cooking in the kitchen is smelling delicious.

12. After Jhon eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.
Revise : After Jhon dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.

13. The manager has finished working on the report last night, and now she will begin to write the other proposal.  
Revise : The manager has finished on the report last night, and now she will begin to write the other proposal.

14. Because Sam and Michelle had done all of the work theirselves, they were unwilling to give the result to Joan. 
Revise : Because Sam and Michelle had done all of the work them, they were unwilling to give the result to Joan.

 15. Daniel said that if he had to do another homework tonight, he would not be able to attend the concert.
 Revise : Daniel said that if he had to do another homework tonight, he would not to attend the concert.
16. After to take the medication, the patient became drowsy and more manageable.
Revise : After to take the medication, the patient become drowsy and more manageable.

 17. We insist on you leaving the meeting before any further outbursts take place.  
Revise : We insist on you are leaving the meeting before any further outbursts take place

18. It has been a long time since we have talked to Jhon, isn’t it?
 Revise : It has been a long time since we have talked to Jhon, hasn’t it?

19. Henry objects to our buying this house without the approval of our attorney, and Jhon does so. Revise : Henry objects to our buying this house without the approval of our attorney, and Jhon too.

 20. Rita enjoyed to be able to meet several members of congress during her vacation.  
Revise : Rita enjoyed to be able to meet several members of congress during her vacation

21. After being indicted for his part in a bank robbery, the reputed mobster decided find another attorney.  
Revise : After being indicted for his part in a bank robbery, the reputed mobster decided found another attorney.

22. Harry’s advisor persuaded his taking several courses which did not involve much knowledge of mathematics.
Revise : Harry’s advisor persuaded him to take several courses which did not involve much knowledge of mathematics.

 23. The only teacher who were required to attend the meeting were Gorge, Betty, Jill, and me.  
Revise : The only teacher who required to attend the meeting were Gorge, Betty, Jill, and me.

24. The work performed by these officers are not worth our paying them any longer.  
Revise : The work performed by these officers are not worth our paying them.

25. The president went fishing after he has finished with the conferences.  
Revise : The president went fishing after he had finished with the conferences.

26. Peter and Tom plays tennis every afternoon with Mary and me.  
Revise : Peter and Tom playing tennis every afternoon with Mary and me.

 27. There were a time that I used to swim five laps every day, but now I do not have enough time. Revise : There was a time that I used to swim five laps every day, but now I do not have enough time.

Adjective, Adverb, Modals, Gerunds, infinitives, and Noun.

Adjective

Kata sifat (adjectives) merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk memberi sifat pada sebuah benda, atau biasanya dengan sesuatu menjadi lebih spesifik. Adjektiva dapat menerangkan kuantitas, kecukupan, urutan, kualitas, maupun penekanan suatu kata. Contoh adjektiva antara lain adalah keras, jauh, dan kaya.

• An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples: ancient, new, young, old
• The cold and wet snow was all over Suzzy's jacket.
• This is the end of a very long road
• Dan lain sebagainya 

Adverb

Kata keterangan atau adverb adalah salah satu bagian dari Part of Speech. Jadi kalau ingin sedikit mundur ke belakang, sobat bisa mengunjunginya lewat link tadi.

Sebagaimana halnya dalam bahasa Indonesia, Adverb (kata keterangan) berfungsi memberi keterangan pada kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), atau kata keterangan yang lain (another adverb).

Beberapa aturan yang berlaku dalam penggunaan adverb adalah sebagai berikut:

Kata keterangan yang menunjukkan kekerapan atau frekuensi pengulangan (adverb of frequency) mempunyai jenjang urutan sebagai berikut:

always           = selalu (100%)

usually          =  biasanya

often             = sering/kerap kali

sometimes     = kadang-kadang

seldom          = jarang

rarely            = jarang

never            = tak pernah

Posisi atau penempatan kata-kata keterangan dalam kalimat berada di tengah-tengah kalimat (mid-sentence adverb), di awal atau di akhir kalimat.

    Examples :

I sometimes get up at 5.30

Sometimes I get up at 5.30

I get up at 5.30 sometimes

Dalam kalimat positif, yang menggunakan Simple Present Tense dan Simple Past Tense, kata keterangan (adverb) berada di depan kata kerjanya (verb).

MODAL AUXILIARIES

Modal auxiliaries adalah kata kerja bantu, dimana berfungsi membantu atau manambah makna pada ordinary (kata kerja Sali) nya. Adapun aturan penggunaan modal auxiliaries adalah: (1) Modal harus bertemu dengan kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb bare infinitive) contohnya I will play football, (2) modal tidak boleh di ikuti oleh To invinitive contohnya I will to play football (salah),(3) tidak bisa bertemu dengan primary auxiliary kecuali dengan be dan have contohnya does Saeful will play football (salah), Saeful can be here (benar).

Contoh modal dalam bahasa inggris:

1. 1.      Can                 5. Will             9. Might          13. Dare
2. 2.      May                 6. Should         10. Ought to    Dan lain sebagainya
3. 3.      Must                7. Would         11. Used to
4. 4.      Shall                8. Could          12. Need

Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja -ing  ketika digunakan sebagai kata benda .

a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.

                                                    b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.

a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.

• Gerund sebagai subjek

Learning foreign languages is hard work

Swimming is hobby

• Gerund sebagai objek

Some people don’t like flying

He enjoys reading novel

I finish writing letter

• Gerund sebagai propositional phrase

He is good at singing

Ths land is good for farming

• Gerund sebagai complement

My father’s favourite sport is playing football

Her hobby is telling story

• Gerund sebagai noun modifier

The waiting room is very large

The reading books are on the table

• Gerund sebagai larangan

No smoking,

No parking,

No swimming.

b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.

Karena Gerund adalah bagian kata kerja, ia dapat menggunakan objek di belakangnya. Misalnya :

e) Objek langsung (dengan transitif) :

• · He is clever at teaching mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika.

f) Objek Tak Langsung (dengan transitif)

• · He is clever at teaching us mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika kepada kami.

g) Objek yang tetap dipertahankan dalam kalimat pasif (Retained object)

• · She is pleased at being taught mathematics = Ia senang sekali terhadap matematika yang diajarkan kepadanya.

h) Objek yang artinya mirip dengan kata kerja itu sendiri = cognate object (dengan intransitif)

• · She is proud of having sung a fine song = Ia bangga akan nyanyian merdu yang telah ia nyanyikan.

i) Objek refleksif (dengan intransitif)

• · She is in the habit of oversleeping herself = Kebiasaannya sendiri bangun kesiangan (tidur terlalu lama).

Infinitives

Infinitives adalah kata kerja bentuk pertama. Kata kerja bentuk pertama artinya kata kerja yang belum terikat atau belum dipengaruhi oleh pokok kalimat seperti pengaruh Tenses dan struktur bahasa lainnya.

Macam-macam Infinitives:

• Infinitive with “to” (To Infinitive)
• Infinitive without “to” (Bare Infinitive)

1. To Infinitive

To Infinitive biasanya disebut juga dengan “Infinitive” yaitu kata kerja yang ditambah dengan “to“. Maksudnya akan dijelaskan selanjutnya.

Kapan kita gunakan Infinitive?

1. Sebagai Subjek Kalimat

Ini artinya, jika kita ingin membuat kalimat yang diawali dengan kata kerja, maka kata kerja tersebut harus diawali dengan “to”.

Contoh:

• To win the game, we must practice hard.
  (Untuk memenangkan pertandingan ini, kita harus berlatih dengan keras)
• To say is easy but to do is difficult.
  (Berkata sih mudah tapi melaksanakannya itu yang sulit)
• To be  easy to study English, we must have a lot of vocalubulary.
  (Untuk memudahkan belajar Bahasa Inggris, kita harus menguasai banyak kosa kata)

2. Setelah Kata Kerja Tertentu

Apabila Anda ingin meletakkan suatu kata kerja, namun di depannya ada juga kata kerja lainnya seperti di bawah ini, maka kata kerja yang kedua harus ditambah “to” di awalnya.

Di bawah ini adalah daftar kata kerja yang biasanya ditambah dengan Infinitives.

• hope
• plan
• promise
• ask
• arrange
• agree

Nouns

Nouns (Kata Benda) adalah segala sesuatu yang kita lihat atau dapat kita bicarakan dan yang menunjukkan orang, benda, tempat, tumbuhan, hewan, gagasan dan sebagainya.

Contoh:

• soldier - Alan - cousin - Frenchman   (Nama Orang)
• rat - zebra - lion - aardvark (Nama Binatang)
• house - London - factory - shelter   (Nama Tempat)
• table - frame - printer - chisel (Nama Objek)
• lead - nitrogen - water - ice (Nama untuk Substansi)
• kindness - beauty - bravery - wealth - faith (Nama Kualitas)
• rowing - cooking - barking - reading - listening (Nama Aksi)
• month - inch - day - pound - ounce (Nama Ukuran)

Sumber: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-infinitives/#ixzz2QLt7RbsG

PERSONAL PRONOUN

Pengertian
• Personal Pronoun:
Kata ganti untuk mengacu pada orang yang yang diajak bicara atau orang yang dibicarakan. Diantaranya, you; they dll.
• Pronoun yang menunjukkan yang berbicara (the speaker):
first person (Orang pertama): orang yang berbicara→orang I
second person (orang kedua): orang yang diajak bicara→orang II
third person (orang ketiga)→orang yang dibicarakan→orang III
• Personal Pronoun:
1. Personal Pronoun as subject (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai subject)
2. Personal Pronoun as object (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai object)

Personal Pronoun as Subject
• Personal Pronoun as Subject (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai Subject):
Tunggal:
Orang I : I (saya)
Orang II : you (kamu)
Orang III :
he (dia–laki-laki
she (dia-perempuan)
it (dia /ini/ itu-benda atau hewan tunggal)
• Jamak:
Orang I : we (kami atau kita)
Orang II : you (kalian)
Orang III : they (mereka)
•Dalam kalimat affirmative (+) , personal pronoun sebagai subject terlatak di awal kalimat, sesuai dengan pola kalimat dasar bahasa Inggris : S V O K

•Contoh penggunaan personal pronoun as subject dalam kalimat:
1.I am happy. (Saya bahagia)
2.You are very kind. (Kamu sangat baik hati)
3.Are you angry with me? (Apakah kamu marah pada saya?

•Contoh- contoh lain
1.I really adore him. (Saya sunguh-sungguh memujanya.)
2.Do you want me to help you? ( Apakah kamu ingin membantu saya?)
3.He does not love you, I think. ( Dia (l) tidak mencintai anda, saya rasa)

Personal Pronoun as Object
•Personal Pronoun as Object (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai Object):
Tunggal:
Orang I : me
Orang II : you
Orang III : him (dia-laki-laki)
her (dia-perempuan)
it (dia/ini/itu-benda atau hewan tunggal)
Jamak:
Orang I : us (kami atau kita)
Orang II : you (kalian)
Orang III : them (mereka)

•Contoh penggunaan Personal pronoun as Object:
Do you love me? (Apakah kamu mencintai saya?)
I love you. (Saya cinta kamu.)

Nice to meet you. (senang bertemu kamu)

Look at the man over there. Do you know him? (Lihatlah ke lelaki di sana. Apakah kamu mengenal dia?

She is speaking. Listen to her. (Dia sedang berbicara. Dengarkan dia)

Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)

Materi tentang adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu materi yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh siswa SMA, SMK, hingga mahasiswa perguruan tinggi. Selain dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan dan penulisan kalimat berbahasa Inggris yang efisien, adjective clause atau relative clause juga merupakan salah satu testing point yang selalu diujikan dalam test TOEFL, TOEIC, dan Ujian Akhir Nasional (UAN). Karena itu, setelah mengenal sekilas tentang adjective clause atau relative clause, sekarang kita akan mempelajarinya secara lebih terperinci lagi.

1. Adjective Clause Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Subject Pronouns: "Who", "Which", "That"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. He runs a successful business. I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business.
I will introduce you to a friend that runs a successful business.
The book is about religion. It has raised controversy. The book which has raised controversy is about religion.
The book that has raised controversy is about religion.
Notes:
• "Who", "which", atau "that" adalah subyek dalam adjective clause.
• "Who" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang.
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).

2. Adjective Clause Using Object Pronouns: Who(m), Which, That
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Object Pronouns: "Who(m)", "Which", "That"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. You have never met him before. I will introduce you to a friend (who(m)) you have never met before.
I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before.
The book is about religion. I bought it in Gramedia bookstore last week. The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The book (that) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The song was very popular in 1990's. I am listening to it. The song to which I am listening was very popular in 1990's.
The song (which) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.
The song (that) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.
Notes:
• "Whom" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang, umumnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Untuk bahasa Inggris informal dan percakapan, "who" lebih sering dipakai menggantikan "whom".
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
• Pada bahasa Inggris percakapan (lisan), "who", "which", atau "that" seringkali dihilangkan.

3. Adjective Clause Using Whose
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Whose"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. His interest is learning English. I will introduce you to a friend whose interest is learning English.
The old lady has a painting. Its value is inestimable. The old lady has a painting whose value is inestimable.
Notes:
•Dalam adjective clause atau relative clause, "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan milik, menggantikan "his", "her", "its", atau "their".
•Sebagaimana "his", "her", "its", dan "their", "Whose" selalu diikuti kata benda.
•"Whose" tidak bisa dihilangkan.

4. Adjective Clause Using Where
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Where"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will take you to the restaurant. I usually have lunch there (at the restaurant). I will take you to the restaurant where I usually have lunch.
I will take you to the restaurant at which I usually have lunch.
I will take you to the restaurant (which) I usually have lunch at.
The old lady has sold the house. She has lived there (in the house) for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house where she has lived for more than twenty years.
The old lady has sold the house in which she has lived for more than twenty years.
The old lady has sold the house (which) she has lived in for more than twenty years.
Notes:
• "Where" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat.
• Jika "where" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan tempat (seperti in, from, to, at, on, under, above) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition harus ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)

5. Adjective Clause Using When
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "When"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
We will never forget the day. My wife gave birth to my first son then (on that day). We will never forget the day when my wife gave birth to my first son.
We will never forget the day on which my wife gave birth to my first son.
We will never forget the day (that) my wife gave birth to my first son.
August is the month. The weather gets very windy then (in August). August is the month when the weather gets very windy.
August is the month in which the weather gets very windy.
August is the month (that) the weather gets very windy.
Notes:
•"When" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu.
•Jika "when" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan waktu (seperti in, on, at) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
Want to learn more about Adjective Clause?
 Untuk§ mengetahui apakah penulisan adjective clause harus menggunakan koma "," atau tidak, baca "Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)".
 Untuk mengetahui posisi adjective clause§ sebagai testing point dalam test TOEFL, baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point.

TENSES

Tenses adalah bentuk waktu yang biasa kita gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Karena dengan Tenses kita bisa menggunakan kalimat yang sesuai dengan keadaan. Misalnya, keadaan yang biasa kita lakukan, sedang berlangsung,akan kita lakukan ,lampau dan lain-lain.
Pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan untuk suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan kebiasaan, berbeda dengan pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan dalam kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung dan kata kerja di pergunakan untuk perbuatan lampau, itu juga berbeda. Tapi, kita harus ingat Cuma yang beda hanya bentuknya saja. 

Tenses yang dipergunakan dalam bahasa Inggris itu jumlahnya ada 16 waktu, yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan “16 tenses “. Maka lebih jelasnya perhatikan bentuk-bentuk waktu berikut:
1 PRESENT TENSE
2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
3 PAST TENSE
4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
6 PAST FUTURE TENSE
7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
8 PAST PERFECT TENSE
9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE
16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 

Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh tenses sebagai berikut: 

PRESENT TENSES
*Rumus:
1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?

B.FUNGSI PRESENT TENSES
1. Dilakukan untuk melakukan perbuatan kebiasaan:
Ex:(+) He is works every day
(-) He is not works every day
(?) Is he works every day?
2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum:
Ex:(+) A week has seven day
(-) A week has not seven day
(?) Has a week seven day? 

C. Time Signal
1. Usually
Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock
2. Always
Ex: I always drink milk
3. Often
Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house
4. Generally
Ex: A rectangular has four corner
5. Seldom
Ex: She seldom goes to school by car 

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif : S+V.ing+O
2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
2. (+) you are writing present continous now
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi
Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now
(-) I am not going to Jakarta now
(?) Am I going to Jakarta now?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara
Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon
(-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon
(?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon? 

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. Today
Ex : Iam today teaching English
2. Right now
Ex : Rini is working right now
3. When
Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park
4. Now
Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now
5. Still
Ex : He is still angry to me 

PAST TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O
Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O
Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O 

*Example:
1. (+) Sarah invite me last week
(-) Sarah did not invite last week
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini , sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkali-kali atau sekali.
Ex: (+) I went yesterday
(-) I did not went yesterday
(?) Did I went yesterday? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Year
Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year
2. Yesterday
Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday
3. Last Week
Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week
4. Ago
Ex: She taught English three days ago
5. Last Saturday
Ex: I went to here last Saturday 

PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o
3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o 

*Examp;e:
1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
2. (+) He was playing football yesterday
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain
(-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain
(?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) at three o’clock last week, She was reading
(-) at three o’clock last week,She was not reading
(?) at three o’clock last week,was she reading?
c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter
(-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter
(?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Week
Ex: at seven o’clock last week
2. Yesterday
Ex: all day yesterday 

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O
2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?

B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan.
Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow?

b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji.
Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow
(-) I shall not give you book tomorrow
(?) Shall I give you book tomorrow?

c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat:
Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams
(-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams
(?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams?
d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang.
Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table
(-) You will not help me lift this table
(?) Will you help me lift this table? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Tomorrow
Ex: I shall work tomorrow
2. next week
Ex: I shall teach next week
3. Next Mounth
Ex: He will study in here next mounth 

PAST FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
2. (+) He would by a car the day before
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?

B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
Ex: (+) I should go to England last year
(-) I should not go to England last year
(?) Should I go to England last year? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last year
Ex: He would go to Semarang last year
2. Last week
Ex: They would trip a Paris last week
3. Before
Ex: I should by a car the day before
4. Next day
Ex: She should go to Riau next day
5. Invited
Ex: They would come if you invited him 

PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O
2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) We have learned English for two years
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
2. (+) She has taught English since 1988
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu).
Ex: (+) I have gone to school
(-) I have not gone to school
(?) Have I gone to school?

b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000?

c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.
Ex: (+) I have just read my book
(-) I have not just read my book
(?) Have I just read my book? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Already
Ex: have had breakfast already
2. Three Times
Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day
3. Finally
Ex: finally, He has started to finally 

PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O
2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o
3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) The train had left before I arrived
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?

B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.
Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three
(-) I had not come home before I when three
(?) Had I come home before I when three?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here
(-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here
(?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. On
Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car
2. When
Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
3. Before
Ex: The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice 

FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?

B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang.
Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow?
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang.
Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. At nine a o’clock tomorrow
Ex: I shall be working at nine a o’clock tomorrow morning
2. At this time next year
Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan 

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang.
Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000
(-) I have not been studying here since 2000
(?) Have I been studying here since 2000? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Since
Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock
2. For
Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears
3. This mounth
Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth 

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O
2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o 

*Example:
1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?

B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama
sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.
Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. When
Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been 

FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O
2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O 

*Example:
1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang.
Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book
(-) By next week he will not have read this book
(?) Will by next week he have read trhis book?
b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house
(-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house
(?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? 

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of
Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week
2. By next
Ex: By next week he will have read this book 

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this year
Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year
2. By the end of this month
Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years 

FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day 

C. TIME SIGNAL
Last week
Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket 

FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O 

*Example:
1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja.
Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard
(-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard
(?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. If he had studied hard
Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard 

FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O
3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O 

*Example:
1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years
(-) By last  lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years
(?) Should by last  lebaran I have been working in that office for five years? 

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this week
Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here
2. By the end of this mounth
Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied